•  Data Types:
•	AUTO_INCREMENT (MariaDB) vs. IDENTITY (SQL Server): MariaDB uses AUTO_INCREMENT for primary key fields, whereas SQL Server uses IDENTITY. Migration tools must map these accordingly.
•	Date and Time Types: MariaDB supports DATETIME, TIMESTAMP, and other types that may not map directly to SQL Server equivalents (DATETIME, SMALLDATETIME, DATETIME2), especially regarding time zones.
•	Boolean Data Type: MariaDB uses TINYINT(1) to represent booleans, while SQL Server has a dedicated BIT type for this purpose.
•  Stored Procedures and Functions:
•	Syntax Differences: SQL Server's Transact-SQL (T-SQL) has a different syntax compared to MariaDB's SQL. You may need to rewrite stored procedures, triggers, and functions when migrating.
•	Error Handling: MariaDB uses SIGNAL and RESIGNAL, while SQL Server uses THROW or RAISEERROR with different syntax and handling.
•  Collation and Character Sets:
•	MariaDB defaults to utf8mb4 for full Unicode support, while SQL Server uses nvarchar. Character set conversion may be needed to avoid data corruption during migration.
•  Table Engine:
•	MariaDB uses different storage engines like InnoDB, while SQL Server uses a different internal mechanism. Engine-specific features such as indexes or full-text searches might require adjustments during migration.
•  Foreign Key Constraints:
•	While both MariaDB and SQL Server support foreign key constraints, MariaDB enforces them slightly differently. Handling cascading updates and deletes might need special attention during migration.
•  Query Syntax:
•	LIMIT and OFFSET (MariaDB): MariaDB uses LIMIT for pagination, while SQL Server uses OFFSET-FETCH. This would require adjustment in SQL query logic.
•	JOINs: There are slight differences in the handling of certain types of joins, particularly when using advanced features like OUTER APPLY or CROSS APPLY.
•  Concurrency Models:
•	MariaDB uses optimistic concurrency control (MVCC), while SQL Server uses locking-based concurrency control. This can impact performance, so appropriate handling of transactions and isolation levels is necessary.
•  Indexes:
•	MariaDB has different index types (e.g., full-text, spatial) which may not map one-to-one with SQL Server's indexing mechanisms. Full-text indexing, in particular, may need reconfiguration.
•  Triggers:
•	Differences in trigger syntax and limitations can affect behavior. For example, SQL Server does not support triggers on VIEWs directly, while MariaDB does.
•  Replication and Partitioning:
•	MariaDB uses a different approach to replication and partitioning (e.g., GTID-based replication) compared to SQL Server, which might require changes during migration.